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Water-based cleaning of refrigeration systems
With growing environmental awareness and technological advancements, water-based cleaning has seen significant development in recent years. Water-based cleaning agents primarily consist of water, surfactants, inorganic builders, and antifoaming agents. The cleaning process typically includes degreasing, rinsing with water, rinsing with deionized water, rust prevention, and drying. One of the main differences between water-based cleaning and solvent-based cleaning is the need for rust protection after washing. After using organic solvents, parts are less likely to corrode or rust, making the process more straightforward. However, with water-based cleaning, metal components can still corrode during the evaporation phase, even when using high-purity deionized water. Therefore, it's essential to use rust inhibitors or anti-rust oils when employing water-based cleaning agents.
The application of dehydrated anti-rust oil or water-soluble rust inhibitors in mechanical manufacturing has proven effective in preventing corrosion. However, in the refrigeration industry, compressors, condensers, and evaporators must work together to ensure that refrigerators and air conditioners operate without issues within a fully sealed system for 10 to 15 years. Traditionally, organic solvents and chromate passivation were used, which provided good results in both cleaning and rust prevention. These methods have been tested over time and are considered safe and reliable.
However, the water-based cleaning process involves multiple water rinses. If the cleaning agent contains substances that negatively affect R134a refrigerant or refrigeration oil, it can lead to problems. The key is choosing the right rust inhibitor for the water-based cleaning agent. Given the harsh conditions in refrigeration systems, even a small amount of rust inhibitor can cause unwanted chemical reactions. For example, in HCFC refrigeration systems, chloride ions may dissociate, and rust inhibitors may break down, accelerating lubricating oil degradation and carbon buildup. This can shorten the lifespan of refrigerators and air conditioners. Therefore, careful selection and testing of cleaning agents are crucial to maintaining the performance and longevity of refrigeration equipment.