Even with policy bias and financial subsidies, the insufficiency of NFC payments still fails to usher in spring.

A month after the two-dimensional code payment was suspended by the central bank, Alibaba Chairman Ma Yun could not help but complain: "Sometimes, it is not a technology that can defeat you. It may be just a document." But it is not just Alipay that is affected by a lot of offline. Tencent’s WeChat QR code payment, which was expanded by merchants, was also suspended.

NFC (also known as short-range wireless communication) payment industry chain has become the most obvious beneficiary. At present, domestic mobile phone payment mainly uses two-dimensional code payment and NFC near-field payment. The former is a model promoted by third-party payment companies such as Alipay and Tenpay, while the latter is jointly promoted by China UnionPay, China Mobile and Bank. .

Behind the stop is the game between the two payment modes. The QR code payment data can be used without the bank and UnionPay clearing system, offline POS without bank deployment, only need to take a third-party payment account for billing and clearing, thus disrupting the traditional offline payment service 70% income return card Bank, 20% return to the single institution, 10% of the payment settlement company model, QR code payment will have a direct impact on the 20% share of the acquiring institution China UnionPay.

The central bank issued the "Guiding Opinions of the People's Bank of China on the Development of Mobile Payment Services", suspending the payment of QR codes on the grounds of security, and expressed encouragement for commercial banks to expand the application of NFC mobile payment. The "biasedness" of the policy naturally leaves room for NFC, and many articles judge that NFC mobile payment has ushered in spring.

But this seems too optimistic. Zhang Meng, a senior analyst at Analysys International, told the author that the development of NFC near-field payment in China is much earlier than the two-dimensional code, but it has been slow progress all the time. The reason is not the large amount of competition brought by the QR code, but the mode itself. The problem, the policy support can not help it solve the mode dilemma in the short term.

Mode dilemma

Going out without cash or bank card, you can take the bus, take the subway, go to the mall or the convenience store for shopping, or even transfer the money between friends with a mobile phone. The domestic vision is gradually realized. Operators, UnionPay, banks, and third-party payment companies have merged into the market to get a share.

In the field of mobile payment, mainstream technologies include NFC, two-dimensional code, voice control, etc. Among them, NFC and two-dimensional codes are relatively mature, commonly known as "brushing a brush" and "sweeping."

The QR code “sweep” payment is a wireless payment solution based on the “account system”. The user can perform payment settlement with the merchant account by scanning the two-dimensional code through the mobile phone client. Finally, according to the user's receipt and contact information in the Alipay transaction information, the merchant can carry out the goods distribution and complete the transaction.

NFC "brush and brush" is offline, does not need to use mobile network, mainly uses mobile phone RF, infrared, Bluetooth and other channels, than the remote, online two-dimensional code payment security is higher. NFC near-field payment is a relatively mainstream mode in the world. "The advantages are obvious: the first is fast, the trading time is very short; the second, it is very sensitive, it can be placed on the card reader almost exactly; third, security Very high; fourth, this is completely compatible with ordinary smart card technology. This technology is considered to be the most suitable method for mobile payment, but its investment cost is very high." NFC payment security chip supplier Shanghai Huahong company vice General Manager Xie Wenlu told the author.

To complete the “brush and brush”, there must be two terminals: one is a mobile payment terminal with mobile payment function, such as an NFC mobile phone; the other is a merchant terminal supporting mobile payment technology, such as a contactless POS machine, etc. It is a typical "hardware solution."

"The NFC mode is hardware-based, and the replacement cost is very high. The user's enthusiasm for changing the mobile phone for the NFC function is not high, and the cost of the manufacturer's input to the terminal is also very large, and the short-term profit is relatively small, mainly the fee income." Zhang Meng This is considered to be an important reason for the slow promotion of NFC.

NFC's long interest chain has also brought difficulties to its promotion. This chain includes mobile phone manufacturers, chip vendors, operators, banks, acquirers, terminal merchants and so on. "Because the industrial chain is too long, it is difficult to effectively unify the interests, and coordination is more difficult. Who is leading is a problem."

Before the operators and UnionPay each fought, they launched their own mobile payment technology. The dispute between China Mobile and China UnionPay on the 2.4G and 13.36M standards has caused problems for chip terminal manufacturers. In June 2012, UnionPay and China Mobile both quarreled for nearly 10 years and finally reached an agreement on technical standards.

On December 12 last year, China UnionPay announced that it had joined hands with seven card issuers to launch a nationwide promotion campaign for NFC mobile phones based on the UnionPay mobile payment platform. This means that the mobile payment layout jointly promoted by China UnionPay joint communication operators and commercial banks has entered the national promotion stage. So far, 15 commercial banks have officially connected to the UnionPay mobile payment platform. In this cooperation, China Mobile is mainly responsible for expanding mobile terminals, and in the future, more mobile phones will support mobile payment in this mode; and UnionPay is responsible for the transformation of the environment.

“Unfortunately, I missed the best time window. After the standard was unified, it was only launched in 2013. At this time, the QR code payment has been pushed up, and the user has established a habit.” A third party who does not want to be named The person told the author, "At an industry conference, Suning Chairman Suning publicly expressed regret that he missed the best opportunity."

Come to Japan

According to the China Payment and Clearing Industry Operation Report (2013), 98.4% of domestic mobile payment transactions are generated remotely, while NFC near-field payment only accounts for 1.6%. The overall development is still in the initial exploration stage.

“The central bank suspended the payment of the QR code to the NFC mobile phone to pay a fast-rising opportunity in the near field.” Wang Ningyuan, a researcher in the IT industry of China Investment Consulting, believes that the key to running the fast lane is to overcome his own problems, and many problems have not yet been resolved. How to balance the interests between users, telecom operators, financial service providers, terminal manufacturers, chip manufacturers, platform operators, etc. is a tricky issue.

Secondly, there are two problems in the large-scale development of NFC in China: one is habit and the other is hardware coverage. To achieve hardware coverage, it can be a very long process. "There is a need for mobile phones to get NFC equipment into it. There is a problem here. Why should mobile phone manufacturers invest so much to do this hardware support? In the field of smart phones, Apple's every move has the characteristics of wind vane, as long as Apple does not fully support NFC, It is difficult for mobile phones to fully support NFC functions. Currently, from China's mobile phone coverage, a large number of mobile phones are not supported," said the third-party payers.

It is understood that China UnionPay has cooperated with the third-party payment institution Shande and Tonglian to carry out the transformation of the offline POS machine. The current cost of transforming a POS machine is 300 to 500 yuan, and the UnionPay will subsidize this.

In February of this year, the Bank of China and the Shanghai Pudong Development Bank launched a mobile payment subway application, the first three-in-one mobile phone card, bank card and subway payment. However, Ding Wei, general manager of Shanghai Pudong Development Bank e-banking, said to the author: "The difficulty of NFC is a large amount of up-front investment. The transformation of single-cell mobile payment application, Shanghai Pudong Development Bank has unilaterally invested tens of millions of dollars."

In addition to hardware coverage, any product launch is to be popularized, and the most important thing is the development of user habits. Zhang Meng believes: "The scope of merchants supporting NFC payment is not wide now, and the application scenarios are few. When users sometimes do not know how to use them and where they can be used, the key is in the construction of the scene." Currently, it is mainly carried out by UnionPay. Accepting environmental construction, that is, the transformation of merchant POS machines, will be a huge project.

Prior to this, the QR code payment application has been extensive, and the store has Intime Department Store, Wangfujing, Pacific Coffee and so on. In addition, when using some e-commerce websites, you can directly scan the QR code on the screen with your mobile phone and jump to the WeChat payment page to place an order. However, with the order of the central bank, the new merchant promotion was basically suspended.

Wang Ningyuan believes that: "The possibility of two-dimensional code payment in the short-term release is not large, the relevant interests have not been effectively balanced, and the security has not been substantially improved. The timing of releasing the QR code payment has not yet arrived. NFC's near-field payment can take this opportunity to expand merchants on a large scale and build a scene to cultivate user habits.

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