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Sweden develops cellulose 3D printing house technology
Cellulose, the most abundant organic polymer on Earth, is found in the cell walls of green plants, various types of algae, and even some bacteria. It plays a crucial role in nature, providing structural support and forming the basis of many natural materials. However, the heavy reliance on wood and wood products in the construction industry has led to significant environmental damage, including deforestation and increased carbon emissions.
In response to this challenge, Swedish researchers are pioneering a groundbreaking 3D printing technology based on cellulose. This innovation aims to revolutionize the construction sector by enabling the printing of entire houses using sustainable, plant-based materials. The project, called +Project, is backed by substantial funding from the EU Structural Funds, with a total budget exceeding 3.5 million Swedish kronor (approximately RMB 26.4 million).
+Project is led by Sliperiet, a creative hub located at Umeå Art Campus, known for its maker spaces and incubators. The initiative focuses on developing a range of cellulose-based 3D printed materials that can be used for everything from walls and windows to full-scale homes. According to Marlene Johansson, director of Sliperiet, the project is designed to promote local manufacturing and foster collaboration between companies, artists, and researchers in an innovative, interdisciplinary environment.
The project also aims to bring digital manufacturing and mass customization closer to the forest and construction industries, offering new opportunities for sustainable development. Linnéa Therese Dimitriou, creative director at Sliperiet, explained that while 3D printing of concrete components already exists, this project will push the boundaries of what’s possible with organic, biodegradable materials.
With a planned timeline extending until 2018, the project could soon lead to the first 3D-printed homes made entirely from cellulose — the most plentiful organic material on the planet. If successful, this could mark a major shift in how we build and live, making construction more eco-friendly and efficient.